What Happens If Blood Sugar Levels Become Severely Elevated

Elevated blood sugar levels, if left unchecked, can lead to serious health complications including diabetes and its associated acute conditions. Below are the potential consequences of severe hyperglycemia:

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication that can occur when the body starts breaking down fat at a rapid rate due to a lack of insulin, leading to the accumulation of ketones in the blood. This condition can progress to a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which may result in coma or even death. Immediate medical attention is required, including intravenous fluids and insulin therapy to stabilize the condition.

Increased Risk of Cerebral Thrombosis

Severely high blood sugar can cause the blood to become more concentrated and viscous, increasing the likelihood of blood clots forming. This can lead to an acute cerebral thrombosis or stroke. Symptoms may include paralysis on one side of the body, difficulty walking, speech impairment, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Prompt treatment is essential to minimize long-term damage.

Acute Cardiovascular Events

Heart attacks and unstable angina are also potential complications of severe hyperglycemia. These events can result in heart failure or even sudden cardiac death. Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk for these complications, especially when blood sugar levels are not well managed.

Importance of Early Intervention

When blood sugar levels rise to dangerous levels, it is crucial to take immediate action. Many individuals with diabetes may not experience obvious symptoms, which can delay treatment. If a significant increase in blood glucose occurs, urgent care is necessary, including fluid replacement and intravenous insulin therapy to bring blood sugar levels back to a safe range. Early intervention helps prevent the onset of diabetes-related complications and protects long-term health.