Normal Heart Rate Explained

Under normal circumstances, a regular heart rhythm is known as sinus rhythm. The typical heart rate range for adults is between 60 and 100 beats per minute (BPM). When the heart rate exceeds 100 BPM, it is referred to as sinus tachycardia. Conversely, a heart rate below 60 BPM is classified as sinus bradycardia.

Understanding Sinus Tachycardia and Bradycardia

Sinus tachycardia often occurs due to various factors such as infections, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), or anemia. On the other hand, sinus bradycardia can be caused by conditions like myocardial disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia (reduced blood flow to the heart), and hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

Other Types of Heart Rhythms

Besides sinus rhythm, there are other types of cardiac rhythms including atrial rhythm, junctional rhythm, and ventricular rhythm. Ventricular rhythm is often linked to serious heart conditions, such as ventricular tachycardia. This condition can cause sudden collapse in severe cases and typically requires immediate cardioversion or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to stabilize the patient.

Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter

Common atrial rhythm disorders include atrial fibrillation (AFib) and atrial flutter. In atrial flutter, the atrial rate typically ranges from 250 to 350 BPM, while in atrial fibrillation, it can reach up to 350–600 BPM. However, the ventricular rate usually remains between 60 and 150 BPM, or sometimes up to 160 BPM.

Complications of Rapid Heart Rate

If the heart rate becomes excessively fast, it can lead to a drop in blood pressure and, in severe cases, result in shock. Prompt medical attention is crucial in such situations to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment.