What Is the Normal Range for Heart Rate?

The normal heart rate, known as sinus rhythm, is controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, which acts as the heart's natural pacemaker. A typical resting heart rate for adults falls between 60 and 100 beats per minute (BPM). When the heart rate drops below 60 BPM, it is referred to as sinus bradycardia. However, having a heart rate slightly below 60 BPM isn't always a sign of a medical issue—some individuals, especially athletes or those who are very physically fit, may naturally have lower resting heart rates without any adverse effects.

Understanding When a Low Heart Rate Is Normal

It's important to determine whether the rhythm is truly sinus in origin and whether the heart rate responds appropriately to stimuli such as physical activity or certain medications. In many cases, a heart rate that's slightly below 60 BPM can increase to the normal range—typically above 90 BPM—during exercise or exertion. If the heart responds well, there may be no cause for concern.

When Bradycardia May Be a Sign of a Problem

However, if the SA node is not functioning properly, the heart may be unable to increase its rate when needed. This can be due to conditions such as first-degree, second-degree, or third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, which can cause abnormally slow heartbeats. In these cases, bradycardia may be pathological and require medical attention.

Key Considerations for Treatment

When a slow heart rate is caused by impaired sinus node function or conduction system abnormalities, it could indicate an underlying heart condition. In such instances, treatment may be necessary to prevent complications like dizziness, fatigue, or even cardiac arrest. Medical evaluation, including an electrocardiogram (ECG), may be required to determine the appropriate course of action.