Pericardial effusion is a condition that can arise from various underlying diseases. Understanding the potential causes can help in diagnosing and treating the condition effectively.

Heart Failure and Pericardial Effusion

One of the most common conditions associated with pericardial effusion is chronic heart failure. In such cases, the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently may lead to fluid buildup around the heart. This accumulation, while often gradual, can place added pressure on the heart and impact its function.

Infections and Inflammatory Conditions

Infections affecting the lungs and pleura—such as pneumonia or other infectious diseases—can also result in pericardial effusion. These infections may spread or trigger inflammation in the pericardium, leading to fluid accumulation.

Tuberculosis as a Major Cause

Cancer and Pericardial Involvement

Malignancies, particularly those located in the chest cavity or mediastinum, are another significant cause of pericardial effusion. Lung cancer and other types of tumors that either originate in or spread to the pericardial region can lead to the accumulation of fluid. In many of these cases, the fluid is bloody, suggesting the presence of abnormal blood vessels or tumor invasion. A pathological examination of the pericardial fluid may reveal cancer cells, which can be crucial for diagnosis and determining the appropriate treatment plan.