Causes Of Pericardial Effusion

Pericardial effusion is a relatively common clinical condition, which can be caused by various factors such as tumors, infections, injuries, and metabolic disorders. Below is a detailed breakdown of the possible causes:

Tumors

Lung cancer, breast cancer, and mediastinal tumors are among the types of cancer that can lead to pericardial effusion, especially in advanced stages. Cancer cells may spread to the pericardium, causing fluid accumulation around the heart.

Rheumatic Diseases

Conditions such as rheumatic myocarditis, rheumatic pericarditis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis can trigger inflammation in the pericardium. This inflammation can result in increased fluid production and lead to pericardial effusion.

Infections

Viral and Bacterial Infections

Infections caused by viruses or tuberculosis can result in viral myocarditis or infectious pericarditis. These conditions often involve inflammation of the heart lining, which can lead to fluid buildup in the pericardial space.

Metabolic Disorders

Patients suffering from hypothyroidism or chronic uremia may develop pericardial effusion. These metabolic imbalances can affect the normal function of the pericardium and lead to fluid accumulation.

Other Contributing Factors

Low protein levels in the blood (hypoalbuminemia), chronic heart failure, and physical trauma to the chest area can also contribute to the development of pericardial effusion. These conditions may disrupt the balance of fluids in the body or cause direct damage to the heart lining.