Malignant Pericardial Effusion: Symptoms and Overview

Malignant pericardial effusion occurs when cancer cells spread to the pericardium, leading to an abnormal accumulation of fluid around the heart. This condition is most commonly associated with cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia, although it can also develop from other types of malignancies.

Understanding the Symptoms

The severity of symptoms related to malignant pericardial effusion often depends on the volume of fluid accumulated and the patient's overall cardiac and pulmonary health. In cases where only a small amount of fluid is present, individuals may not experience any noticeable symptoms.

Common Signs and Symptoms

As the fluid builds up, patients may begin to notice symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest discomfort, persistent coughing, heart palpitations, and varying degrees of chest pain. These symptoms can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life.

Severe Cases and Complications

In more advanced cases, malignant pericardial effusion can lead to serious complications including swelling in the legs and abdomen, difficulty lying flat due to breathlessness, and severe respiratory distress. These signs often indicate a critical buildup of fluid and require immediate medical attention.