Acute Gastric Ulcer Understanding the Condition and Its Impact

Acute gastric ulcers refer to a group of conditions that include acute erosive gastritis, acute hemorrhagic gastritis, and stress-induced ulcers. These ulcers develop suddenly and progress quickly, often linked to factors such as long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, excessive alcohol consumption, or physical trauma.

Causes and Risk Factors

One of the primary causes of acute gastric ulcers is damage to the stomach lining due to medication or lifestyle habits. Additionally, severe physiological stress from injuries, surgeries, or significant blood loss can cause the stomach lining to constrict, reducing blood flow and leading to tissue damage. This type of ulcer is commonly seen in critically ill patients or those undergoing intense medical stress.

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation

Patients typically experience sudden, sharp pain in the upper abdomen, often occurring after meals. Common symptoms include heartburn, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. In more severe cases, signs of gastrointestinal bleeding—such as vomiting blood (hematemesis) or passing black, tarry stools (melena)—may occur, indicating a need for immediate medical attention.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Recognizing the early signs of an acute gastric ulcer is crucial for preventing complications like severe bleeding or perforation. Prompt diagnosis through endoscopy and appropriate treatment, including medication and lifestyle changes, can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence.