Signs and Symptoms of Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a heart condition that presents differently depending on the size of the arterial duct. The symptoms can vary significantly from one individual to another, especially in infants and children.

Small Patent Ductus Arteriosus (1–3 mm)

A small PDA typically does not cause any noticeable symptoms in children. In most cases, the heart size remains normal, and the child appears healthy. However, during a routine physical examination, a doctor may detect a heart murmur using a stethoscope. An echocardiogram can confirm the presence of a small, open ductus arteriosus.

Moderate-Sized Patent Ductus Arteriosus (4–7 mm)

Children with a moderate-sized PDA may experience mild symptoms. They often have lower exercise tolerance compared to their peers and may tire easily during physical activities. Parents or caregivers might also notice that the child has a faster-than-normal heart rate. These signs usually prompt further cardiac evaluation, which may include an echocardiogram to diagnose the condition.

Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus (10 mm or more)

A large PDA can lead to more serious complications. One such complication is pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs. If left untreated, this can progress and cause damage to the lung arteries. In rare cases, it may also lead to congestive heart failure. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term health issues.

Importance of Early Detection

Since symptoms can range from mild to severe, regular pediatric checkups are essential for early detection. If a heart murmur or any unusual signs are noticed, parents should consult a pediatric cardiologist for further evaluation. Timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for children with PDA.