Gastric Ulcer: How Serious Is It And What Are The Consequences?

A gastric ulcer can vary in severity, but if left untreated, it may lead to serious complications. With proper treatment, especially with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), most ulcers heal effectively and patients experience a good prognosis. These medications are highly effective at reducing stomach acid and promoting the healing of ulcers.

One of the most dangerous complications of untreated gastric ulcers is upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This can present as vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools, which are signs that immediate medical attention is needed. In severe cases, significant blood loss can lead to hypovolemic shock—a life-threatening condition caused by low blood volume.

In some cases, a gastric ulcer can perforate the stomach lining, leading to a serious abdominal infection known as peritonitis. This results in sudden, intense abdominal pain and requires emergency medical care. Without prompt treatment, this complication can be fatal.

Another potential issue is gastric outlet obstruction, often due to repeated ulceration near the pylorus. This blockage can cause chronic bloating, nausea, and vomiting—sometimes requiring surgical intervention. The vomited material may contain undigested food from previous meals, indicating delayed gastric emptying.

In summary, while gastric ulcers are generally treatable and manageable, neglecting symptoms or delaying care can result in severe, even life-threatening outcomes. Early diagnosis and adherence to medical advice are crucial for a positive recovery.