Complications Following PDA Closure: What You Need to Know

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) closure is a common procedure used to treat this congenital heart defect, and while it is generally safe, patients may experience complications depending on the method used for closure. In the case of transcatheter closure, which involves the placement of a occlusion device, patients are typically prescribed antiplatelet medications such as aspirin for three to six months post-procedure. One of the potential side effects during this period is gastrointestinal bleeding due to the anticoagulant therapy.

Possible Risks of Transcatheter Closure

Another concern following device closure is the risk of device dislodgement, especially if the PDA is large or if a larger-than-recommended device is used. This can lead to unexpected complications, including thrombocytopenia and abnormal coagulation profiles in the early postoperative period. These issues may require additional monitoring and medical intervention to manage effectively.

Complications from Surgical Ligation

When PDA is closed via open-chest surgery—either through ligation or surgical division—there are also potential risks. While surgical division typically prevents re-opening, ligation alone may result in recanalization, where the ductus reopens after the procedure. This is a known complication and may necessitate further intervention if significant flow is detected later.

Nerve Damage and Other Risks

Additionally, due to the anatomical location of the ductus arteriosus, there is a risk of injury to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgical approaches. This can lead to vocal cord dysfunction, resulting in hoarseness or even dysphagia with symptoms like coughing while drinking fluids. These effects are often temporary but may persist in some cases, requiring further evaluation by an ENT specialist.