What Is A Stomach Ulcer?

A stomach ulcer, also known as a gastric ulcer, is a type of peptic ulcer that develops on the inner lining of the stomach. It commonly occurs in areas such as the gastric angle, gastric antrum, cardia, and in cases involving hiatal hernias. Stomach ulcers form when the protective layer of the stomach lining is damaged, exposing it to digestive acids.

In the past, it was believed that excess stomach acid and the enzyme pepsin were the primary causes of ulcers, which led to the term "stomach ulcer." When damage extends beyond the mucosal layer into deeper tissues, it is classified as an ulcer rather than a simple erosion.

One of the leading causes of stomach ulcers is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. This microorganism weakens the stomach's protective mucus layer, making it more vulnerable to acid damage. Other contributing factors include excessive gastric acid production and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which can irritate the stomach lining.

In addition to these causes, several other risk factors may contribute to the development of ulcers. These include genetic predisposition, chronic stress or emotional strain, smoking, alcohol consumption, and even certain viral infections. While these factors may not directly cause ulcers, they can increase susceptibility, especially in combination with other triggers.

Understanding the causes and risk factors for stomach ulcers is essential for prevention and early treatment. If left untreated, ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction of the stomach.