Causes of Ventricular Septal Defect

One of the most common types of congenital heart defects, ventricular septal defect (VSD), occurs when the wall separating the heart's two lower chambers fails to develop properly during fetal development. This condition accounts for nearly 20% of all congenital heart diseases and can vary significantly in severity.

Understanding the Development of VSD

Ventricular septal defects are typically the result of incomplete formation of the ventricular septum while the baby is still in the womb. The exact cause of this developmental issue is not always clear, but it often occurs in conjunction with other genetic or environmental factors that influence heart formation during early pregnancy.

Symptoms Based on Defect Size

Patients with smaller VSDs may experience no symptoms at all, with the condition sometimes being discovered only during routine medical exams. However, those with larger defects may exhibit signs such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating, and fatigue, especially during physical activity or feeding in infants.

Treatment Options for VSD

In more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Ventricular septal defect repair is typically recommended for patients with significant symptoms or complications. The ideal time for surgery is generally between the ages of 4 and 10, depending on the size of the defect and the child's overall health condition.

Following successful surgical repair, most children experience a full recovery and go on to lead healthy, active lives. Early diagnosis and timely treatment play a crucial role in ensuring positive long-term outcomes for patients with VSD.