Signs and Symptoms of Ventricular Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a common type of congenital heart condition characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. This condition typically occurs without any clear genetic or hereditary cause. The symptoms can vary widely depending on the size of the defect and its impact on blood flow and heart function.

Common Clinical Manifestations of VSD

1. Heart Murmur Without Noticeable Symptoms

In cases where the ventricular septal defect is small, individuals may not experience any significant symptoms. However, during a routine physical examination, a heart murmur may be detected using a stethoscope. This abnormal sound is often the first clue that leads to a diagnosis of VSD.

2. Congestive Heart Failure in Infants

If the defect is larger, symptoms may appear shortly after birth. Infants may develop congestive heart failure, which can lead to signs such as rapid breathing, difficulty catching breath, and shortness of breath, especially during feeding or physical activity. These symptoms occur due to increased pressure and blood flow in the lungs.

3. Frequent Illnesses and Delayed Growth

Children with VSD may be more prone to infections, such as colds and respiratory illnesses. This weakened immune response can lead to frequent fevers and sickness. Additionally, the extra strain on the body may hinder normal growth and development, resulting in slower weight gain and physical progress compared to peers.

Importance of Early Treatment

Timely medical intervention before the age of three is crucial to prevent complications such as recurrent lung infections and irreversible changes in pulmonary blood flow. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve long-term outcomes and help children lead healthier lives.