Causes of Ventricular Septal Defect Explained

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart diseases. It occurs when the development of the heart during the early stages of pregnancy is disrupted. These disruptions can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, exposure to certain medications, radiation, and other environmental influences. The first trimester of pregnancy is particularly critical, as this is when the heart begins to form. If interference occurs during this time, it can lead to improper fusion of the ventricular septum, resulting in an abnormal opening in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart.

How VSD Develops During Fetal Growth

The heart begins to develop very early in pregnancy, and any disruption in this delicate process can result in structural abnormalities. During the first three months of pregnancy, the heart undergoes significant morphological changes. If the septum that divides the ventricles doesn't form properly, a hole can remain. This hole, known as a ventricular septal defect, can vary in size and location within the heart, and these variations can affect how serious the condition is and what symptoms may appear.

Early Detection of VSD

The good news is that VSD can often be detected early. During pregnancy, between the 20th and 28th week, a fetal echocardiogram can identify structural abnormalities in the developing heart. After birth, a timely echocardiogram can confirm the presence of a defect. These diagnostic tools are crucial in identifying VSD and planning appropriate care.

Why Some Cases Go Undiagnosed

Some children with VSD may not show obvious symptoms or may have a heart murmur that is difficult to detect. In these cases, diagnosis can be delayed, which may affect the long-term health outcomes. Because of this, it's important for every newborn to undergo a comprehensive physical examination shortly after birth to screen for congenital heart conditions like VSD.

Importance of Newborn Screening

Early screening is vital for identifying congenital heart defects that may not be immediately apparent. A full-body examination can help detect subtle signs of heart abnormalities, allowing for prompt medical intervention. Parents should ensure their newborns receive a thorough health assessment to rule out any cardiac issues, including VSD.