What is Ventricular Septal Defect

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects, accounting for approximately 20% of all such cases. In a normally structured heart, there are two upper chambers known as atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. A healthy atrial septum separates the right and left atria, while the ventricles are divided by a well-formed ventricular septum. In individuals with VSD, there is a hole in the wall that separates the left and right ventricles.

Understanding the Development of VSD

This condition typically arises during the embryonic development phase when the membranous and muscular parts of the septum fail to fuse properly, resulting in an opening or hole. This structural anomaly allows blood to flow abnormally between the two ventricles, which can lead to a variety of clinical symptoms. In the field of cardiac surgery, this type of birth defect is medically referred to as Ventricular Septal Defect.

Common Symptoms and Complications

Because of the abnormal blood flow, patients with VSD may experience symptoms such as heart murmurs, delayed growth and development due to left-to-right shunting of blood, and frequent respiratory infections. These symptoms often prompt individuals to seek medical attention at congenital heart disease clinics, where VSD is diagnosed in a significant number of cases.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Early detection and treatment are crucial in managing VSD effectively. If left untreated, the condition can lead to more serious complications such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or endocarditis. Therefore, it is important for parents and healthcare providers to be aware of the signs and seek timely intervention.