Atrial Septal Defect: What Happens If Left Untreated?

Many individuals with an atrial septal defect (ASD) experience minimal symptoms in the early stages. Often, the condition is discovered during a routine medical examination or when a heart murmur is detected. Without treatment, the early stages of ASD may not cause significant physical discomfort, although a heart murmur may be present. Some patients may show signs of pulmonary congestion, but they may remain unaware of any underlying issue.

Potential Complications in Later Life

As individuals age, the risk of progressive pulmonary vascular disease increases. By the time patients reach their 40s or 50s, symptoms such as right heart failure may begin to appear. These can include irregular heartbeats like atrial fibrillation, enlargement of the heart, and other related complications.

Long-Term Risks of Delayed Treatment

If the defect remains untreated, it can lead to secondary conditions such as tricuspid valve regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. By this stage, corrective surgery may become significantly riskier or even unsuitable due to the advanced state of complications. Delaying intervention can therefore reduce the chances of a successful outcome and may severely impact quality of life.