Atrial Septal Defect Repair: Types of Surgical Procedures

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) repair can generally be categorized into two main types: interventional closure and surgical repair. Interventional closure includes catheter-based procedures typically performed by cardiologists, as well as surgical approaches guided by ultrasound or performed through small incisions on the chest. On the other hand, surgical repair includes traditional open-heart surgery and minimally invasive techniques involving smaller incisions.

Types of Interventional Closure

Catheter-based ASD closure is a minimally invasive technique where a device is inserted through a vein and guided to the heart using imaging techniques such as echocardiography. This method is often associated with shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and fewer complications. Additionally, surgical ultrasound-guided and transthoracic small-incision interventions offer similar benefits while expanding the range of patients who can undergo such procedures.

Types of Surgical Repair

Minimally Invasive Surgical Repair

Small-incision surgical closure allows for a broader range of indications compared to percutaneous catheter-based intervention. This method also avoids the need for cardiopulmonary bypass (commonly known as heart-lung bypass), resulting in less trauma and quicker recovery. Patients often experience fewer postoperative complications and improved cosmetic outcomes due to the smaller incisions.

Open-Heart Surgical Repair with Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Traditional surgical repair using cardiopulmonary bypass remains the most versatile option, suitable for nearly all types of ASDs, especially those that are complex or unsuitable for catheter-based closure. Although this method involves a larger incision and longer recovery time, it provides a highly effective and durable solution for correcting atrial septal defects.