Ventricular Septal Defect Repair: Understanding Potential Postoperative Complications

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) repair is a well-established surgical procedure with a high success rate. While complications following this type of surgery are rare, affecting less than 1% of patients, it's important for patients and caregivers to understand the potential risks and long-term considerations associated with the procedure.

Possible Postoperative Complications

One of the recognized complications following VSD repair is atrioventricular (AV) conduction block. Although uncommon, this condition may require the implantation of a permanent pacemaker in more severe cases. Another potential issue is the formation of a residual ventricular septal leak near the repaired area, which can sometimes occur despite successful initial surgery.

Location-Specific Complications

The location of the original defect plays a significant role in determining potential long-term complications. In cases involving the infundibular (supracristal) type of VSD, patients may experience persistent or even progressive aortic valve regurgitation following surgery. This condition, where blood leaks back into the left ventricle from the aorta, may require ongoing monitoring and potentially further intervention.

Tricuspid Valve Considerations

When the VSD is located near the tricuspid valve apparatus, surgical repair may occasionally result in mechanical stress on the valve structure. This can lead to varying degrees of tricuspid regurgitation postoperatively. While mild cases may remain stable, some patients may experience worsening regurgitation over time, necessitating regular cardiac evaluations.

Long-Term Monitoring Recommendations

Patients who have undergone VSD repair should maintain regular follow-up appointments with a cardiologist, particularly when the defect was located near critical valve structures. Routine echocardiographic assessments can help detect and monitor any developing complications, allowing for timely intervention when necessary.