Is Surgery Necessary for Children with Ventricular Septal Defect?

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease, characterized by an abnormal opening in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart. While medications may help manage symptoms, they cannot close the defect or restore normal heart function. In most cases, surgical or interventional treatment is required to fully correct the condition.

Types of VSD and the Possibility of Spontaneous Closure

Some types of VSDs, particularly muscular and membranous defects, may close on their own as the child grows. This is more common in smaller defects and is often monitored closely through regular echocardiograms. However, not all VSDs have the potential to heal naturally. For example, subaortic or muscular defects located beneath the aortic valve typically require early surgical or interventional correction to prevent complications such as heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.

Available Treatment Options

There are two primary approaches to treating VSD: open-heart surgery and minimally invasive catheter-based interventions. Open-heart surgery involves making an incision in the chest, temporarily stopping the heart, and directly repairing the hole using a patch or sutures. This method is highly effective and can be used for nearly all types of VSDs.

Minimally Invasive Catheter Procedures

In contrast, catheter-based closure is a less invasive option suitable for certain patients. During this procedure, a small incision is made in the groin or chest, and a catheter is guided through the blood vessels to the heart. A closure device is then deployed to seal the defect. This method offers a quicker recovery time, less scarring, and fewer complications compared to traditional surgery.

Choosing the Right Treatment

Both surgical and interventional approaches have high success rates and can effectively cure VSD. The choice of treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of the defect, as well as the child's overall health and age. Doctors will evaluate each case individually to determine the best course of action.