Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia – Understanding the Condition and Its Causes

Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT) is a type of heart rhythm disorder characterized by sudden, rapid heartbeats originating from the ventricles. This condition typically occurs due to an abnormal focus of electrical activity within the heart muscle, leading to irregular impulses that disrupt the normal heart rhythm.

What Causes Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia?

Several mechanisms can contribute to the development of PVT. One common cause is the presence of an ectopic focus—an area in the ventricle that generates abnormal electrical signals. Other potential causes include intraventricular reentry, where the electrical impulse circulates abnormally within the heart tissue, parallel systole, and triggered activity caused by afterdepolarizations.

Key Features of the Condition

During an episode of PVT, the heart rate typically ranges between 150 and 250 beats per minute. The rhythm remains regular, and the event is defined by the presence of more than three consecutive premature ventricular contractions. However, the episode lasts for less than 30 seconds, which often classifies it as a benign arrhythmia.

Underlying Health Conditions Linked to PVT

While PVT can occur in individuals without known heart disease, it is most commonly associated with structural heart problems. These include conditions such as acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), dilated cardiomyopathy, and acute myocarditis. In these cases, damage to the heart muscle can disrupt normal electrical pathways, increasing the likelihood of abnormal rhythms like PVT.

Understanding the root cause of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. Patients experiencing symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, or shortness of breath should seek medical evaluation to rule out serious underlying conditions and manage their heart health appropriately.