How to Manage Supraventricular Tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a condition characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate, typically ranging between 150 and 250 beats per minute. One of the hallmark features of SVT is that it can start and stop suddenly, often without warning. This rapid heart rhythm originates in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, and can significantly impact a person's well-being.

Recognizing the Symptoms

During an episode, individuals may experience a variety of symptoms depending on how fast their heart is beating. Common sensations include palpitations, a feeling of tightness in the chest, dizziness, and anxiety. Some people may also feel short of breath or lightheaded. The duration of an episode can vary widely—from just a few minutes to several hours or even days in rare cases. The unpredictable nature of SVT can make it particularly distressing for those who experience it.

Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options

There are several effective ways to manage and potentially stop an episode of SVT. One approach involves using physical techniques to stimulate the vagus nerve, which can help slow the heart rate. These techniques include gently massaging one side of the neck (carotid sinus massage) or stimulating the back of the throat, such as by coughing or performing the Valsalva maneuver. These methods are often recommended as first-line interventions, especially for those who experience occasional episodes.

Medical Interventions

In situations where physical maneuvers are not effective or appropriate, medications can be used to restore normal heart rhythm. Commonly prescribed drugs include adenosine (ATP) and antiarrhythmic agents such as propafenone hydrochloride. These medications work by interrupting the abnormal electrical signals in the heart and helping to re-establish a normal sinus rhythm. It is important that any medication is administered under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Conclusion

Supraventricular tachycardia can be unsettling, but with the right strategies, it is often manageable. Whether through vagal maneuvers or prescribed medications, patients have options to help control their symptoms and reduce the frequency of episodes. Anyone experiencing frequent or prolonged SVT episodes should consult with a cardiologist to explore long-term treatment and prevention strategies.