Common Causes of Ventricular Tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by three or more consecutive heartbeats originating from the ventricles. It can occur in short bursts or persist for longer durations, often leading to significant hemodynamic instability and severe clinical symptoms. VT associated with structural heart disease is a major risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Below are the most common causes of ventricular tachycardia:

Structural Heart Diseases

Acute coronary syndrome, prior myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, primary cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy are among the most frequent triggers of VT. These conditions cause structural or functional damage to the heart muscle, which can disrupt normal electrical signaling and lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.

Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia

In some cases, VT occurs in individuals with no identifiable structural or functional heart abnormalities. This type is referred to as idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Depending on the origin of the arrhythmia, it can be further classified. For example, VT arising from the right ventricular outflow tract is known as right ventricular idiopathic VT, while VT originating from the ventricular septum is called left ventricular idiopathic VT. Additionally, VT that begins in the aortic sinuses is referred to as left ventricular outflow tract VT.

Genetic and Ion Channel Disorders

Hereditary conditions

Metabolic and Toxic Factors

Certain metabolic imbalances and toxic exposures can also lead to VT. For example, digitalis toxicity and severe hypokalemia (low potassium levels) are known to disrupt cardiac electrical activity and trigger episodes of ventricular tachycardia. Prompt identification and treatment of these underlying issues are crucial in managing the condition effectively.