What Causes Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers, also known as gastric ulcers, develop due to a variety of contributing factors. Understanding these causes can help in both prevention and treatment. Here are the primary reasons behind their formation.

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common causes of stomach ulcers. This bacterium attaches itself to the stomach lining and releases toxins that damage the protective mucosal layer. Initially, this can lead to irritation and erosion of the stomach lining, and if left untreated, it may progress into a full-blown ulcer.

Dietary habits also play a significant role. Consuming spicy or acidic foods such as chili peppers, garlic, leeks, and raw onions regularly can irritate the stomach lining. These foods contain compounds that stimulate acid production, potentially leading to inflammation and erosion over time. Similarly, excessive alcohol consumption can severely irritate and erode the mucous layer of the stomach, increasing the risk of developing ulcers.

Another key factor is severe physical stress or trauma. Major injuries, burns, or surgeries can trigger what is known as stress-induced ulcers. The body's response to intense physical strain can disrupt normal blood flow and protective mechanisms in the stomach lining, making it more vulnerable to damage.

Lastly, certain medications contribute to ulcer development. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like celecoxib and acetaminophen can interfere with the stomach's natural defenses by reducing the production of protective mucus. Prolonged use without medical supervision increases the likelihood of developing gastric ulcers.

In summary, stomach ulcers can result from bacterial infection, dietary choices, physical stress, and medication use. Recognizing these causes is the first step toward effective management and prevention.