Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Understanding the Degrees of Severity

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is typically categorized into three main degrees of severity: mild, moderate, and severe. These classifications are based on measurements obtained through right heart catheterization at sea level. Mild PAH is defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure ranging from 25 to 35 mmHg. When the pressure rises to between 36 and 45 mmHg, it is classified as moderate. Severe PAH is diagnosed when the pressure reaches or exceeds 45 mmHg.

Symptoms Associated with Each Degree of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Patients with mild PAH may experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing, and fatigue, typically after physical exertion. These signs are often subtle and may be overlooked or attributed to other conditions.

Moderate PAH presents with more pronounced symptoms, including frequent coughing, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin due to low oxygen levels). These manifestations indicate a progression in the disease and require closer medical attention.

In severe cases, patients may develop signs of right-sided heart failure. These can include the accumulation of fluid in the chest (pleural effusion) and abdomen (ascites), nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea (sudden shortness of breath during sleep), generalized edema (swelling), jaundice, and a decreased appetite. These symptoms signify advanced disease and the need for urgent medical evaluation.

Importance of Proper Diagnosis and Management

For individuals already diagnosed with PAH, the emergence of new or worsening symptoms should prompt a visit to a reputable healthcare facility. Consulting with a qualified physician is essential for accurate staging and appropriate treatment planning. Proper management tailored to the severity of the condition can significantly improve quality of life and long-term outcomes.