Newborn Pulmonary Hypertension Symptoms and Causes

Pulmonary hypertension in infants can lead to a range of symptoms, often including frequent colds, fever, and recurring respiratory infections such as pneumonia. In more severe cases, the condition may result in low oxygen levels, causing symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and difficulty feeding. These signs can significantly impact a baby's overall health and daily activities.

Heart-Related Complications

When pulmonary hypertension becomes advanced, it can place extra strain on the heart, particularly the right side. This may lead to right-sided heart failure, which can cause symptoms such as swelling (edema), abdominal bloating due to fluid buildup, and poor circulation. These complications require careful medical monitoring and timely intervention to prevent further deterioration.

Developmental and General Health Effects

Growth and Immune System Impact

In addition to cardiovascular symptoms, many infants with pulmonary hypertension experience slow growth, poor weight gain, and developmental delays. Their weakened physical condition often results in a compromised immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and slower recovery times. Parents may also notice that their baby appears weaker or less active than other infants of the same age.

Common Causes in Infants

In most cases, pulmonary hypertension in newborns and young children is linked to underlying congenital heart defects. Serious heart conditions such as large ventricular septal defects (VSD), atrial septal defects (ASD), or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can increase blood flow to the lungs, leading to elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Early diagnosis and treatment of these heart abnormalities are crucial in managing and potentially reversing pulmonary hypertension.