What To Do If You Have Carotid Artery Plaque

If you suspect or have been diagnosed with plaque buildup in the carotid artery, the first step is to consult with a vascular surgeon for a comprehensive evaluation. Diagnostic tests such as carotid ultrasound or angiography are typically recommended to assess the extent of arterial narrowing or possible blockage. These tests provide critical information that helps doctors determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Understanding the Risks and Diagnosis

Carotid artery disease is often associated with atherosclerosis — a condition where plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances builds up along the artery walls. Early detection is key to preventing more serious complications like stroke. A carotid duplex scan is a non-invasive and effective method for evaluating blood flow and identifying plaque deposits.

When Surgery Isn't Necessary

If the plaque is not causing significant narrowing or obstruction, treatment may focus on medical management and lifestyle changes. This includes controlling underlying risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Managing these conditions can significantly slow the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of complications.

Lifestyle Changes That Make a Difference

Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle is crucial. Experts often recommend a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats like olive oil. It's also important to monitor total daily caloric intake to maintain a healthy weight.

In addition to dietary changes, regular physical activity plays a vital role in improving vascular health. Exercise helps lower blood pressure, improve cholesterol levels, and enhance overall cardiovascular function. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.

When Intervention Is Required

If imaging tests reveal significant narrowing — typically more than 50–70% blockage — or if you experience symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, transient loss of consciousness, or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), more aggressive treatment may be necessary.

In such cases, procedures like carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting may be recommended. Carotid endarterectomy involves surgically removing plaque from the affected artery, while stenting is a minimally invasive procedure that opens the artery and restores proper blood flow to the brain.

Prevention and Long-Term Management

Ongoing monitoring and follow-up care are essential after diagnosis or treatment. Regular check-ups with your vascular specialist, along with blood tests to monitor cholesterol and glucose levels, can help ensure the condition is well managed. Adherence to prescribed medications — such as statins, antihypertensives, and antiplatelet drugs — is also crucial for long-term success.