Can Carotid Artery Plaque Be Removed?

Once formed, carotid artery plaque is generally difficult to completely eliminate. However, various treatment options such as medication, stent placement, and carotid endarterectomy can help manage symptoms and improve outcomes.

Understanding Carotid Artery Plaque

Carotid artery plaque is a sign of atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits build up along the inner walls of the arteries. Several factors contribute to the development of plaque, including age, genetics, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and elevated homocysteine levels. When plaque accumulates to a significant size, it can narrow the carotid artery and restrict blood flow to the brain.

Symptoms and Risks

Severe plaque buildup may lead to symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and even fainting due to reduced blood supply to the brain. In some cases, it can increase the risk of stroke, especially if plaque fragments break off and travel to the brain.

Treatment Options for Carotid Plaque

While it's challenging to completely remove plaque, certain procedures can significantly reduce its impact. Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure that removes plaque from the affected artery. It is typically recommended for patients with more than 70% narrowing of the carotid artery or those with 50% narrowing who are experiencing symptoms like dizziness or prior stroke.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

In addition to surgery, stent placement may be considered for patients who are at higher risk for surgery. This less invasive procedure involves placing a small mesh tube to keep the artery open and improve blood flow.

Lifestyle and Medication

For most patients, managing carotid artery plaque involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Maintaining a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption can all help slow the progression of plaque buildup.

Doctors often prescribe medications such as statins to lower cholesterol and stabilize plaque, and aspirin to reduce the risk of blood clots. These treatments help prevent the plaque from growing and reduce the likelihood of complications such as stroke.