How to Check for Cerebral Arterial Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis in the cerebral arteries can be assessed through four primary methods. These approaches help in detecting the presence and severity of arterial blockages or narrowing, which are common indicators of this condition.

Physical Examination

One of the first steps in evaluating cerebral atherosclerosis is a comprehensive physical exam. This includes measuring blood pressure in both arms. Normally, the difference in readings between the two arms should not exceed 20 mmHg. A larger difference could suggest stenosis in the subclavian artery. Additionally, a stethoscope may be used to listen to key arteries such as the carotid, vertebral, subclavian, and occipital arteries. The presence of abnormal sounds or murmurs may indicate narrowing due to plaque buildup.

Laboratory Testing

Blood tests are crucial in identifying risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. These tests typically include lipid profile assessments, blood glucose levels, and markers related to clotting. Elevated cholesterol, high blood sugar, or abnormal coagulation factors can all accelerate the progression of arterial hardening and narrowing.

Vascular Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound technologies, such as echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, and transcranial Doppler, are valuable tools in diagnosing cerebral atherosclerosis. These non-invasive techniques allow physicians to evaluate blood flow velocity and detect any plaque formation or arterial narrowing in real time. They are often used to monitor disease progression and response to treatment.

Advanced Imaging Techniques

For a more detailed view, brain imaging such as CT scans, MRI, and angiography may be performed. These imaging modalities provide clear visuals of the cerebral arteries, revealing the extent of atherosclerosis, the degree of vessel narrowing, and how well collateral circulation is compensating for reduced blood flow. Such information is essential for determining the most appropriate treatment strategy.