How To Treat Cerebrovascular Stenosis

Cerebrovascular stenosis, or the narrowing of blood vessels in the brain, can vary in treatment depending on its severity. For mild cases where the narrowing is less than 50%, patients often experience no symptoms or only minor ones. In such instances, antiplatelet medications are typically prescribed as the foundational treatment. Common drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel, and statins, which help prevent blood clots and reduce cholesterol levels. Statins like atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are especially effective in managing this condition and are widely used across treatment plans.

Moderate Cerebrovascular Stenosis

When the narrowing reaches a moderate level—between 50% and 70%—medication remains a primary treatment method. Doctors often continue to rely on the same class of drugs, including statins and antiplatelet agents, to manage the condition and prevent further complications. Lifestyle changes, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet and engaging in regular physical activity, are also recommended to support overall vascular health.

Severe Cerebrovascular Stenosis

In cases of severe stenosis, where the blockage ranges from 70% to 99%, medication alone may not be sufficient. While pharmacological treatment still plays a crucial role, recent studies have shown that additional interventions can significantly benefit patients. Endovascular therapy has emerged as a promising option, offering less invasive procedures that can improve blood flow to the brain. One such method is angioplasty with stenting, where a small balloon is used to widen the narrowed artery, followed by the placement of a stent to keep the vessel open.

Alternative Surgical Options

Another effective treatment for severe cases is carotid endarterectomy, a surgical procedure that involves removing the inner lining of the affected artery where plaque buildup has occurred. This approach can dramatically reduce the risk of stroke and is often recommended for patients who are good surgical candidates. The choice between surgery and endovascular treatment depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the location of the narrowing, and individual risk profiles.