Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Treatment Options and Medication Management

Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a condition that requires careful evaluation and management. It is generally recommended to begin with a comprehensive lipid profile blood test to assess cholesterol levels. Specifically, elevated total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are key indicators that may require medical intervention.

Medication for Cholesterol Management

When abnormal lipid levels are detected, statin therapy is often prescribed as a first-line treatment. Statins are highly effective in lowering cholesterol and managing lipid levels, which helps reduce the progression of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries.

Potential Side Effects of Statins

While statins are generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects such as elevated liver enzymes or muscle-related issues, including a rare but serious condition known as rhabdomyolysis. As with any medication, it is important to understand that side effects can occur. However, for most patients, statins are both safe and effective when monitored properly by a healthcare provider.

Long-Term Treatment and Monitoring

Once a patient begins statin therapy and does not experience adverse effects, long-term use is typically advised. Similar to managing hypertension, maintaining stable cholesterol levels is crucial for preventing further arterial damage. In some cases, significant lifestyle changes—such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, achieving a healthy weight, and quitting smoking and alcohol—may allow for eventual discontinuation of medication after a period of stability.

When Surgery Is Necessary

For many individuals, however, lipid abnormalities such as high triglycerides and elevated cholesterol levels mean that lifelong statin therapy is necessary to control plaque buildup. If imaging studies reveal that the plaque has caused significant narrowing of the carotid artery, more aggressive interventions—such as carotid endarterectomy or stenting—may be required to reduce the risk of stroke.