What Does Bilateral Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis with Plaque Formation Mean?

Bilateral carotid artery atherosclerosis with plaque formation is a term typically used in ultrasound reports to describe the condition of the neck arteries. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of lipids within the inner lining of the carotid arteries. Normally, the thickness of this inner layer—known as the intima-media complex—should not exceed 1 mm. When it does, it indicates the presence of atherosclerosis.

Understanding Plaque Formation and Arterial Narrowing

When the intima-media thickens significantly and develops into a defined plaque, it can lead to narrowing of the artery. If the narrowing is less than 50%, patients often experience no symptoms. In such cases, doctors typically recommend conservative medical treatment, including lifestyle changes and medications aimed at lowering cholesterol and managing blood pressure.

When Surgical Intervention Is Necessary

If the narrowing exceeds 50%, especially in patients who experience symptoms such as dizziness, vision disturbances, or a history of fainting or stroke, surgical intervention may be advised. Evidence-based medical research shows that individuals with these risk factors face a significantly higher chance of stroke or blood clot formation in the brain.

In cases where the plaque causes more than 70% blockage, surgery is generally recommended regardless of symptoms. The two primary procedures used are carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting. Both options are effective in reducing the risk of stroke and improving long-term vascular health.