How To Detect Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Coronary arteries are the blood vessels responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. When these arteries develop atherosclerosis — a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque inside the arteries — it is referred to as coronary artery atherosclerosis. Detecting this condition early is crucial in preventing serious cardiovascular events such as heart attacks.

Invasive Diagnostic Methods

One of the most direct ways to examine the coronary arteries is through a procedure called coronary angioscopy. This involves inserting a small camera into the blood vessel to visually inspect the interior for plaque buildup. However, this is an invasive technique and is typically reserved for specific cases where other diagnostic tools are inconclusive or when immediate intervention is necessary.

Common Imaging Techniques

Coronary Angiography

Coronary angiography is another widely used diagnostic method. During this procedure, a contrast dye is injected into the coronary arteries, allowing them to be clearly visualized using X-ray imaging. This helps doctors identify any blockages, narrowing, or abnormalities in the arteries.

Coronary CT Scan

A non-invasive alternative is the coronary computed tomography (CT) scan. This advanced imaging test can detect the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, assess arterial narrowing, and identify calcium deposits — all without the need for incisions or catheters. It is often used as a first-line screening tool, especially for patients with mild or unclear symptoms.

Choosing The Right Test

In clinical practice, both non-invasive and invasive techniques are employed depending on the patient's symptoms, risk factors, and overall health condition. Physicians evaluate each case individually to determine the most appropriate diagnostic approach for identifying coronary artery atherosclerosis and planning subsequent treatment.