Atherosclerosis of Cerebral Arteries: Understanding the TCM Pathogenesis

Atherosclerosis of the cerebral arteries can be better understood when examining its underlying causes and mechanisms from a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) perspective. In modern TCM theory, there is a general consensus that this condition follows a pattern of "benxu biaoshi"—meaning the root is deficiency while the manifestation is excess. The root deficiency primarily involves spleen and kidney weakness, while the excess pattern is characterized by phlegm-turbidity and blood stasis.

Internal Imbalance in TCM: Spleen and Kidney Dysfunction

According to the Five Element theory in TCM, the spleen belongs to "earth" and governs transformation and transportation, while the kidneys belong to "water" and are responsible for fluid regulation. Under normal conditions, earth restrains water, meaning the spleen helps regulate kidney function. However, when the spleen becomes weak, it fails to properly transform and transport bodily fluids, leading to the formation of phlegm and dampness. This internal imbalance then obstructs the flow of Qi and blood, contributing to vascular damage and the development of atherosclerosis.

Modern Lifestyle and Dietary Influence

With the improvement of living standards today, most households regularly consume high-protein and high-fat meals such as fish and red meat. While these foods are considered nourishing in TCM, they are also classified as "fat, sweet, and greasy," which can burden the spleen's digestive and metabolic functions. When the spleen is unable to properly process these substances, they can accumulate in the body as phlegm and blood stasis—both of which are key pathological factors in the progression of cerebral atherosclerosis.

Preventive and Therapeutic Considerations

From a TCM perspective, addressing the root deficiency through spleen and kidney tonification, while simultaneously resolving phlegm and promoting blood circulation, is essential for managing this condition. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and moderate exercise, also play a crucial role in reducing internal pathogenic factors and supporting overall vascular health.