Carotid Artery Disease: Effective Treatment Options and Management Strategies

Carotid artery disease, often caused by atherosclerosis, requires a tailored treatment approach depending on the severity of the condition. Before deciding on a treatment plan, it is crucial to determine the stage of arterial hardening. If there is no significant narrowing of the artery, the focus should be on managing underlying health issues such as high cholesterol and blood sugar levels. In such cases, lifestyle changes and medication may be sufficient without the need for invasive procedures.

Understanding Carotid Stenosis and Treatment Thresholds

When plaque buildup leads to moderate narrowing, regular monitoring through ultrasound and other diagnostic tools is typically recommended. However, if the narrowing reaches 50% or more and the patient remains asymptomatic, doctors may opt for a conservative approach involving medication and lifestyle modifications rather than immediate intervention.

When Surgical Intervention Is Necessary

If the degree of stenosis exceeds 50% and the patient experiences symptoms such as dizziness or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), surgical treatment becomes more critical. Two primary options are available: carotid endarterectomy, which involves physically removing the plaque, and carotid angioplasty with stenting, a less invasive procedure that may be more suitable for older patients or those with other health concerns.

Severe Cases: Addressing 75% or Greater Stenosis

In cases where the narrowing reaches 75% or more, surgical treatment is generally advised even if the patient shows no symptoms. This is because the risk of stroke significantly increases at this level of blockage. The choice between open surgery and stenting depends on various factors including the patient's overall health, age, and specific medical history.

Ultimately, managing carotid artery disease effectively involves early detection, ongoing monitoring, and timely intervention when necessary. A personalized treatment plan, developed in consultation with a vascular specialist, can help reduce stroke risk and improve long-term outcomes.