Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerosis In Both Legs: Understanding The Condition And Treatment Options

Peripheral arterial atherosclerosis in both legs is a condition that shares similarities with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerosis affects various parts of the body, and the symptoms or manifestations can vary depending on the organ or location involved. In the case of lower limb arteries, the condition is more commonly observed in middle-aged and older adults, as it is closely associated with the aging process. Young individuals, including children and teenagers, rarely experience this condition.

The Natural Progression Of Arterial Aging

As people age, the inner lining of the arteries—known as the endothelium—begins to thicken. This natural process can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, where plaque made of fat, cholesterol, and other substances builds up inside the arteries. Over time, this plaque can narrow the arteries and may eventually lead to blood clot formation. This gradual deterioration of vascular health is a normal part of aging and is generally irreversible.

Early-Stage Management Without Symptoms

The presence of atherosclerosis in the lower limbs does not necessarily mean the condition is severe. In many cases, especially when no symptoms are present, the progression of the disease can be slowed through lifestyle changes and medical management. Adopting a healthier diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting salt, fat, and sugar intake, and engaging in regular physical activity can all contribute to improved vascular health. These changes help enhance microcirculation and encourage the development of collateral circulation, which can compensate for narrowed arteries.

Medical Intervention When Necessary

In more advanced cases, doctors may prescribe oral antiplatelet medications such as aspirin or clopidogrel to prevent blood clots. Statins may also be used to lower cholesterol levels and slow the progression of atherosclerosis. These medications are often sufficient to manage the condition without the need for invasive procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or open vascular surgery.

When Surgical Or Interventional Treatment Becomes Necessary

However, if the arterial narrowing reaches 75% or more, or if symptoms such as leg pain during walking, cold feet, low skin temperature, muscle fatigue, or cramping occur—even at rest—interventional or surgical treatment may be required. These symptoms suggest that blood flow to the legs is significantly compromised and may require procedures like balloon angioplasty, stent placement, or bypass surgery to restore adequate circulation.