What To Do About Carotid Artery Plaque From Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis in the carotid artery can lead to plaque buildup, which may restrict blood flow and increase the risk of stroke. The treatment approach depends largely on the severity of the arterial narrowing. Here's a breakdown of how to manage carotid artery plaque based on the degree of stenosis:

Mild Stenosis

In cases where the narrowing is less than 50%, medication is often the first line of treatment. This typically includes lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, which help reduce cholesterol levels and slow the progression of plaque buildup. Additionally, antiplatelet medications like aspirin or clopidogrel may be prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots. These medications work together to stabilize the plaque and prevent further complications.

Moderate Stenosis

When the narrowing falls between 50% and 75%, further diagnostic tests such as MRI or color Doppler ultrasound are usually recommended to assess the nature of the plaque. If the plaque is stable, a continuation of medical therapy with statins and antiplatelet agents may be sufficient. However, if the plaque is found to be unstable or at high risk of breaking off, surgical intervention may be necessary to prevent stroke.

Severe Stenosis

When the blockage exceeds 75%, blood flow to the brain becomes significantly compromised, increasing the likelihood of ischemic events such as stroke. In these cases, surgical treatment is often recommended. There are two primary options: traditional open surgery, known as carotid endarterectomy, which involves removing the plaque directly from the artery, or a minimally invasive procedure called carotid artery stenting. In stenting, a small mesh tube is inserted to widen the artery and restore proper blood flow.

Conclusion

Managing carotid artery plaque involves a tailored approach based on the severity of stenosis and the stability of the plaque. Early detection and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce the risk of stroke and improve long-term outcomes. Always consult with a vascular specialist or neurologist to determine the best course of action for your specific condition.