Carotid Artery Plaque: Can It Be Effectively Treated?

Carotid artery plaque, often caused by atherosclerosis, can be effectively treated depending on the severity of the condition. When the narrowing of the carotid artery reaches a severe level—typically defined as greater than 75% blockage—surgical intervention may be recommended. One of the most common and effective procedures is carotid endarterectomy. During this surgery, a vascular surgeon removes the plaque buildup from inside the carotid artery by opening the vessel, clearing the inner lining, and then carefully suturing the artery back together. This method allows for a thorough removal of plaque and has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of stroke in patients with severe stenosis.

Minimally Invasive Treatment Options

For patients who are older or in poor health and may not be able to tolerate traditional open surgery under general anesthesia, minimally invasive alternatives are available. One such option is carotid artery stenting. In this procedure, a small catheter is inserted into the artery—usually through the femoral artery in the groin—and guided to the site of the blockage. A balloon is then used to gently expand the narrowed area, pushing the plaque aside. Following this, a stent is placed to keep the artery open and maintain proper blood flow. This technique offers a less invasive approach with a quicker recovery time and has demonstrated good long-term success rates in maintaining arterial patency.

Choosing the Right Treatment Approach

The decision between surgical and minimally invasive treatment depends on several factors, including the patient's overall health, the degree of stenosis, and the presence of symptoms such as transient ischemic attacks or prior strokes. It's essential for patients to undergo a thorough evaluation by a vascular specialist to determine the most appropriate course of action. With the right treatment plan, carotid artery plaque can be effectively managed, significantly lowering the risk of stroke and improving long-term vascular health.