How to Treat Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

Cerebral arteriosclerosis, a condition characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries in the brain due to plaque buildup, can significantly increase the risk of stroke and cognitive decline. Managing this condition requires a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle changes, medication, and in some cases, surgical intervention. Below is a detailed guide on how to effectively treat and manage cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Lifestyle Modifications

1. Dietary Adjustments

A balanced and heart-healthy diet plays a crucial role in managing cerebral arteriosclerosis. It is recommended to consume at least 300-500 grams of vegetables and 200-400 grams of fruits daily. These foods are rich in antioxidants, fiber, and essential nutrients that support vascular health. Limit daily oil intake to 25-30 grams and ensure a daily water intake of more than 1200 milliliters. Reducing sodium consumption to less than 6 grams per day can help control blood pressure. Additionally, individuals should avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption—no more than 355 ml of beer, 100 ml of red wine, or 50 ml of hard liquor per day.

2. Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular exercise helps improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and maintain a healthy weight. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity on five or more days per week, or 20 minutes of high-intensity exercise on three days. Avoid going more than two consecutive days without physical activity. A daily goal of walking more than 6,000 steps at a pace exceeding 100 steps per minute is highly recommended.

3. Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy body weight is essential in reducing the strain on cardiovascular health. Aim for a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24 kg/m². Achieving and maintaining this range can significantly reduce the risk of complications associated with cerebral arteriosclerosis.

Medical Treatment

1. Blood Pressure Control

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cerebral arteriosclerosis. Patients are advised to keep their systolic blood pressure between 130 and 190 mmHg and diastolic pressure between 80 and 85 mmHg. This can often be achieved through a combination of lifestyle changes and prescribed medications.

2. Antiplatelet Therapy

To prevent blood clots that can lead to stroke, doctors often prescribe antiplatelet medications such as aspirin or clopidogrel. These drugs help keep blood flowing smoothly through narrowed arteries.

3. Lipid-Lowering Therapy

Cholesterol-lowering medications, particularly statins, are commonly used to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The goal is to lower LDL by at least 50% from baseline levels. This helps slow or even reverse plaque buildup in the arteries.

4. Blood Sugar Regulation

For patients with diabetes or insulin resistance, maintaining glycemic control is essential. The target is to keep hemoglobin A1c levels around or below 7% to reduce the risk of further vascular complications.

Surgical Intervention

In cases where cerebral arteriosclerosis has progressed to severe stenosis—specifically when intracranial artery narrowing exceeds 70%—surgical treatment may be considered. This is typically recommended when the patient begins to show symptoms of cerebral ischemia, such as transient ischemic attacks or mini-strokes. Surgical options may include procedures like cerebral angioplasty or bypass surgery, depending on the location and severity of the blockage. These interventions aim to restore adequate blood flow to the brain and prevent future stroke events.