The Most Commonly Affected Arterial Branch in Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

According to clinical studies, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is the most frequently affected branch in cases of coronary artery atherosclerosis. As a critical branch of the coronary arteries, the LAD supplies approximately 50% of the blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. Coronary arteries play a vital role in delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart. When affected by atherosclerosis, these arteries can become significantly narrowed. If the narrowing exceeds 75%, it can severely impair blood flow to the heart, potentially leading to myocardial ischemia. This condition may cause symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and even angina pectoris.

Complications of Coronary Artery Disease

When atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries become unstable and rupture, they can trigger acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This condition includes unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, both of which can be life-threatening. Unstable angina often presents with unpredictable chest pain and may progress to a heart attack if not treated promptly. Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is completely blocked, leading to damage or death of heart muscle tissue.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment

Once coronary artery disease (CAD) is diagnosed, it is crucial to seek timely medical attention at a cardiology outpatient clinic. Patients are advised to visit specialized coronary heart disease clinics for further evaluation. In some cases, a coronary angiography may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of arterial blockage.

After a definitive diagnosis, treatment options may include percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), such as balloon angioplasty and stent placement. These procedures help restore proper blood flow to the heart muscle and alleviate symptoms of ischemia. Early intervention significantly improves prognosis and reduces the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular events.