Gastric Cancer vs. Gastric Ulcer: Key Differences and Diagnostic Insights

Understanding the distinctions between gastric cancer and gastric ulcer is essential for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. While both conditions affect the stomach, they differ significantly in terms of nature, symptoms, physical findings, and endoscopic appearance.

Gastric ulcer is a benign condition, whereas gastric cancer is malignant. This fundamental difference plays a crucial role in determining the course of treatment and long-term prognosis.

From a clinical perspective, gastric ulcers often present with predictable, rhythmic pain patterns. Patients typically experience discomfort in the upper abdomen shortly after eating, with symptoms easing after one to two hours. In contrast, gastric cancer-related pain tends to be irregular and progressively worse over time. Additionally, unexplained weight loss, black tarry stools, and fatigue are more commonly associated with malignancy.

During a physical examination, patients with gastric ulcers usually show only mild tenderness in the upper abdomen. There is generally no palpable mass. However, in advanced gastric cancer, physicians may detect a firm, non-movable mass in the upper abdominal region.

Endoscopic evaluation reveals notable differences as well. Gastric ulcers are typically small, round, and have clean, well-defined edges. On the other hand, cancerous lesions may appear as irregular, uneven sores resembling a "volcano" or as protruding masses that are fragile and prone to bleeding.

Recognizing these key differences enables healthcare providers to make informed decisions and initiate appropriate diagnostic tests and interventions early on.