Frequent Heart Palpitations: Causes and What You Need to Know

Heart palpitations can be a concerning experience, often described as a fluttering, racing, or pounding sensation in the chest. While they can be unsettling, they are not always a sign of a serious health problem. In many cases, palpitations are related to psychological factors such as anxiety or stress, rather than structural heart issues. However, when palpitations are accompanied by a rapid heartbeat detected via an electrocardiogram (ECG), it may indicate a condition known as sinus tachycardia.

Common Medical Causes of Heart Palpitations

Sinus tachycardia is typically a response to an underlying condition. For example, hyperthyroidism—where the thyroid gland is overactive—can cause the heart to beat faster than normal. Similarly, anemia, especially when severe, can lead to palpitations as the heart works harder to deliver oxygen throughout the body. Significant blood loss, whether due to injury or heavy menstrual bleeding in women, can also result in anemia-related palpitations.

Heart Rhythm Disorders and Palpitations

In addition to sinus tachycardia, other cardiac rhythm disorders can cause sudden and noticeable heart palpitations. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is one such condition, often caused by abnormal electrical pathways in the heart. It can lead to episodes of rapid heartbeats that start and stop suddenly. Another common cause is atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat that can feel chaotic or erratic. Frequent premature atrial contractions or atrial ectopic beats can also cause a sensation of fluttering or skipped beats.

Psychological Factors and Heart Palpitations

Not all heart palpitations are linked to physical conditions. In some cases, they may be the result of mental health concerns such as panic attacks, generalized anxiety disorder, or heightened stress levels. These types of palpitations usually subside once the emotional trigger is addressed. It's important to distinguish between psychological causes and organic heart disease to ensure appropriate treatment.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you experience frequent or unexplained heart palpitations, especially if they are accompanied by dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain, it's important to consult a healthcare professional. A thorough evaluation, including blood tests and an ECG, can help identify whether the cause is related to your heart rhythm, hormonal balance, or psychological well-being.