Heart Palpitations: Understanding When Surgery Like Radiofrequency Ablation Is Necessary

Heart palpitations, often referred to as premature contractions or premature beats, are a common type of arrhythmia. They can be categorized into two main types: atrial premature contractions and ventricular premature contractions. In many cases, these irregular heartbeats are harmless and may not require treatment. However, when they become frequent or cause significant symptoms, medical intervention may be necessary.

What Is Radiofrequency Ablation?

One of the most effective treatments for persistent and symptomatic premature contractions is a procedure called radiofrequency ablation (RFA). This minimally invasive technique involves locating the abnormal electrical focus in the heart that is responsible for triggering the premature beats. Once identified, a catheter is guided to the precise location, where radiofrequency energy is used to eliminate the problematic tissue. This often leads to a significant improvement or complete resolution of the palpitations.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Not all premature contractions require treatment. In fact, many people experience occasional palpitations that are entirely benign and do not interfere with daily life. If a 24-hour Holter monitor reveals only a small number of premature beats, no further action is usually needed. However, if the heart rhythm shows patterns such as bigeminy, trigeminy, or multifocal premature contractions, especially when they occur frequently—accounting for more than 10% of total heartbeats in 24 hours—treatment should be considered.

Treatment Options for Heart Palpitations

There are two primary approaches to managing symptomatic premature contractions: pharmacological therapy and catheter ablation. Antiarrhythmic medications can help regulate heart rhythm and reduce the frequency of premature beats. However, these drugs may come with side effects and are not always effective in the long term. For patients seeking a more permanent solution, radiofrequency ablation offers a targeted and often highly successful alternative.

In summary, while occasional heart palpitations are typically harmless, persistent or complex cases may benefit from medical evaluation and treatment. Radiofrequency ablation has emerged as a safe and effective option for patients with frequent or debilitating premature contractions, offering a chance for long-term symptom relief and improved quality of life.