Gastric Ulcer Malignancy: Is It Stomach Cancer?

When discussing gastric ulcers, a common concern is whether they can develop into stomach cancer. In most cases, gastric ulcers are benign. However, in approximately 5% of cases, ulcers may fail to heal or undergo cellular changes due to various factors, leading to malignancy—commonly known as stomach cancer.

Recognizing the Warning Signs

Patients with persistent, non-healing ulcers may experience symptoms such as recurring upper abdominal pain, reduced appetite, and unexplained weight loss. Even with adequate food intake, individuals might continue to lose weight. Additionally, occult blood in the stool may be present. These signs should not be ignored, as they could indicate that the ulcer is resistant to treatment or has already undergone malignant transformation.

The Role of Endoscopy in Diagnosis

Clinically, the most reliable way to determine if a gastric ulcer has become cancerous is through endoscopic examination. During this procedure, doctors assess the ulcer's appearance. If the ulcer has expanded or deepened, features such as a yellowish-coated surface, irregular borders, or cauliflower-like protrusions may suggest malignancy.

Confirming Cancer Through Biopsy

The gold standard for diagnosing gastric ulcer malignancy is histopathological analysis of tissue samples obtained during endoscopy. This test allows doctors to identify cancerous cells definitively, providing a clear diagnosis and guiding further treatment decisions.

In summary, while most gastric ulcers are benign, it's crucial to monitor any long-standing ulcers for signs of malignancy. Early detection through endoscopy and biopsy plays a key role in managing potential cancer development effectively.