Mitral Stenosis Echocardiographic Features Explained

Echocardiography is widely regarded as the most straightforward and reliable diagnostic tool for identifying mitral stenosis. In particular, M-mode echocardiography reveals characteristic changes in the mitral valve, such as the anterior leaflet displaying a "castle wall" pattern, with the posterior leaflet moving in the same direction. Enhanced echogenicity of the valve leaflets is also commonly observed.

Key Echocardiographic Findings in Mitral Stenosis

Using two-dimensional echocardiography, typical signs of mitral stenosis include a doming appearance of the anterior leaflet during diastole, reduced mobility of the posterior leaflet, and possible fusion or adhesion at the commissures. Additionally, the valve leaflets may appear thickened, and the effective orifice area is typically reduced.

Assessing Severity with Doppler Imaging

Color Doppler flow imaging plays a crucial role in evaluating the severity of mitral stenosis. This technique allows clinicians to measure the valve orifice area accurately. In mild cases, the mitral valve area remains above 1.5 cm². For moderate stenosis, the area falls between 1.0 and 1.5 cm², while in severe cases, the valve area is less than 1.0 cm².

Why Echocardiography Is the Gold Standard

Echocardiography offers a non-invasive, highly informative method for diagnosing and monitoring mitral stenosis. Its ability to visualize structural changes in the mitral valve and assess hemodynamic impact makes it indispensable in both initial diagnosis and long-term patient management. With advancements in imaging technology, echocardiography continues to improve in accuracy and clinical utility.