Mitral Valve Moderate Regurgitation: Treatment Options and Management Strategies

Mitral valve moderate regurgitation refers to a classification of blood backflow volume, typically ranging between 5-10ml. In comparison, mild regurgitation involves less than 5ml, while severe cases exceed 10ml. The impact of moderate regurgitation on hemodynamics can vary significantly among individuals. For some patients, the condition may have minimal effects, especially if there is no enlargement of the left atrium, no presence of atrial fibrillation, and no signs of pulmonary hypertension. In such cases, symptoms tend to be mild, and physical activity is generally not restricted. Non-surgical, conservative treatment approaches may be appropriate, including the use of vasodilators or diuretics to manage symptoms and monitor progression.

When Surgical Intervention Is Necessary

However, if mitral valve regurgitation persists over time and begins to cause complications such as atrial fibrillation, increased pulmonary artery pressure, or reduced exercise capacity, surgical treatment may be required. The decision between valve repair (also known as valvuloplasty) and valve replacement depends largely on the underlying cause and the structural condition of the valve.

Mitral Valve Replacement: Indications and Considerations

In more advanced cases, particularly when the valve is severely damaged due to conditions like rheumatic calcification, mitral valve replacement surgery is often recommended. This procedure involves removing the damaged valve and replacing it with either a mechanical or biological prosthetic valve, depending on the patient's age and overall health condition.

Mitral Valve Repair: A Preferred Option When Possible

On the other hand, if the valve structure remains relatively intact, with issues such as elongated chordae tendineae or annular dilation, mitral valve repair may be a more favorable option. Valve repair aims to restore normal function while preserving the patient's own tissue, which can lead to better long-term outcomes and a reduced need for anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusion and Follow-Up

Managing moderate mitral regurgitation requires a personalized approach, based on the severity of the condition, the presence of symptoms, and the overall health of the patient. Regular follow-ups with echocardiography and consultation with a cardiologist are essential for monitoring disease progression and determining the optimal timing for intervention, whether medical or surgical.