CPR Techniques for Single Rescuer in Cardiac Arrest Situations

In the event of sudden cardiac arrest, immediate action is crucial. It is recommended to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within the first 4 minutes to increase the chances of restarting the heart. When performing CPR alone, the rescuer should first assess the victim's level of consciousness by gently tapping and shouting. Next, check for normal breathing and pulse by listening and feeling for breath sounds and checking the carotid and femoral arteries.

Preparing the Victim for CPR

Once cardiac arrest is confirmed, the victim must be placed on a firm surface such as a wooden floor or ground. Tilt the head back gently to open the airway and remove any visible obstructions, including dentures or foreign objects. This step is vital to ensure unobstructed airflow during rescue breathing.

Providing Rescue Breaths

To deliver rescue breaths, use your right hand to lift the victim's jaw while using your thumb to open the mouth. With your left hand, pinch the nose shut. Take a deep breath and cover the victim's mouth completely with yours, blowing in until the chest rises visibly. Perform two effective rescue breaths initially, making sure the chest expands fully with each breath.

Performing Chest Compressions

After the rescue breaths, begin chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand on the lower third of the sternum, and place the other hand on top, interlocking your fingers. Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hands. Compress the chest to a depth of approximately 2 inches (5 cm), allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions. Maintain a consistent rhythm, aiming for 100–120 compressions per minute.

Combining Compressions and Breaths

For single-rescuer CPR, the recommended ratio is 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Repeat this cycle continuously, ensuring minimal interruptions. After completing five cycles (approximately 2 minutes), reassess the victim's vital signs if possible, such as checking for spontaneous breathing or a pulse.

Monitoring and Continuing CPR

Throughout the process, it's essential to monitor the victim's condition and continue CPR until professional medical help arrives or the person shows signs of life. Early CPR combined with prompt defibrillation significantly improves survival rates. Being prepared and confident in your CPR skills can make a life-saving difference in emergency situations.