Cardiac Arrest Response: A Step-by-Step Guide to CPR

When someone experiences a cardiac arrest, every second counts. Within ten seconds, you should assess the situation by checking for loss of consciousness, absence of breathing, and no pulse in major arteries such as the carotid, radial, brachial, or femoral. If these signs are present, it's crucial to act immediately.

Immediate Actions During Cardiac Arrest

Once cardiac arrest is confirmed, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) right away and call emergency services. Place the victim on a flat, hard surface like the floor or a backboard to ensure effective chest compressions. Traditional CPR follows a three-step process: chest compressions, airway management, and rescue breathing.

Performing Chest Compressions

Position your hands on the lower third of the sternum along the midline of the chest. Interlace your fingers, keeping them elevated off the chest, and use the heels of your hands as the primary contact point. Keep your wrists, elbows, and shoulders aligned vertically and perpendicular to the patient's chest. Use your body weight to compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute, pressing down to a depth of 5 to 6 centimeters. After 30 compressions, proceed with two rescue breaths.

Opening the Airway and Rescue Breathing

Before giving breaths, open the airway using the head-tilt chin-lift technique. Make sure the line between the chin and the earlobe is perpendicular to the ground. Clear any visible obstructions from the mouth if possible. Pinch the victim's nose shut, create a seal over their mouth with yours, and deliver a breath lasting more than one second. Allow one second between breaths, and stop once you see the chest rise.

Completing the CPR Cycle

Repeat the 30:2 ratio of compressions to breaths for five full cycles to complete one round of CPR. This process helps maintain blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs until professional medical help arrives. Proper technique and consistent rhythm are key to increasing the chances of survival during a cardiac emergency.