Cardiac Arrest Response Protocol

When a person is suspected of experiencing cardiac arrest, the first step is to ensure the scene is safe and confirm the patient's unresponsiveness. Gently shake the patient and shout to check for any response. If there is no sign of consciousness or normal breathing, immediately call for emergency medical assistance or instruct someone else to do so.

Positioning the Patient for CPR

Once the area is secure and help is on the way, carefully place the patient on their back on a firm, flat surface. Remove any clothing covering the chest to allow for proper hand placement during chest compressions. Proper positioning is crucial for effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Performing Chest Compressions

Begin CPR with chest compressions. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the patient's chest, and place the other hand on top, interlocking your fingers. Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hands. Compress the chest at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute, allowing the chest to fully recoil between each compression. Perform 30 compressions in each cycle.

Providing Rescue Breaths

Ensuring Airway Patency

Before delivering rescue breaths, it's essential to open the patient's airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. If there is visible debris, vomit, or a loose denture in the mouth, remove it carefully to prevent airway obstruction. However, if an object is not easily accessible, do not waste time trying to remove it.

Administering Artificial Respiration

After the airway is clear, give two rescue breaths. Pinch the patient's nose shut, create a seal over their mouth, and blow in for about one second, watching for the chest to rise. If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and try again. In a clinical setting, healthcare providers may use a bag-valve mask (BVM) to deliver more effective ventilations without direct mouth contact.

Repeating the CPR Cycle

Continue performing CPR in cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths. After completing five cycles (approximately two minutes), pause briefly to reassess the patient's breathing and pulse. If signs of life return, stop CPR and place the patient in the recovery position while waiting for emergency responders.

Conclusion

Timely and effective CPR can significantly increase the chances of survival during cardiac arrest. Whether you're a bystander or a medical professional, understanding and applying the correct steps can make a life-saving difference. Always seek professional medical training to become proficient in CPR techniques and stay updated with the latest guidelines.