Causes of Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest can occur due to a variety of reasons, and understanding these causes is crucial for prevention and timely response. There are three primary factors that can lead to cardiac arrest.

Coronary Artery Disease

One of the most common causes is coronary artery disease. Whether it's due to atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries, or coronary artery spasms, the result can be severe myocardial ischemia. This lack of blood flow to the heart muscle can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), ultimately leading to sudden cardiac arrest. Abnormalities in the origin of the coronary arteries can also contribute to this condition.

Reduced Heart Function

Another significant cause is impaired heart function. Conditions such as cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart defects can weaken the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. During physical exertion, individuals with these conditions may experience dangerous arrhythmias like VT or VF, which can quickly progress to cardiac arrest. The heart's electrical system becomes unstable, increasing the risk of sudden cardiac events.

Primary Arrhythmias

Certain heart rhythm disorders can directly lead to cardiac arrest. One such condition is congenital long QT syndrome, which affects the heart's electrical activity. Other inherited or acquired arrhythmias can also result in ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. These abnormal rhythms disrupt the heart's normal pumping action, causing it to stop beating effectively.

Importance of Immediate Response

Most cases of cardiac arrest are linked to underlying heart conditions. When it occurs, immediate action is critical. Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) without delay can significantly increase the chances of survival. Early intervention helps maintain blood flow to vital organs until professional medical help is available.