How To Recognize Cardiac Arrest

Recognizing cardiac arrest is a critical skill that can significantly increase the chances of survival. It's essential to act quickly and accurately when someone may be experiencing this life-threatening condition. Here are the key indicators to look for:

Check For Responsiveness

Begin by assessing the person's level of consciousness. Speak loudly near both ears and ask if they are okay. If there is no response, this may indicate a loss of consciousness, which is often one of the first signs of cardiac arrest.

Check For a Pulse

Next, check for a pulse by feeling the carotid artery in the neck. This is done by gently placing two fingers on the side of the windpipe and feeling for a pulse. If no pulse is detected within 10 seconds, it could be a sign of cardiac arrest.

Listen For Breathing and Heartbeat

Use a stethoscope to listen for a heartbeat and signs of normal breathing. If there is no heartbeat or breathing detected, and further diagnostic tests like an ECG show a flat line or non-perfusing electrical activity, this confirms cardiac arrest. Additionally, blood pressure may be unmeasurable.

Observe Pupil Response

Another physical sign is dilated pupils. In cases of cardiac arrest, the pupils may become significantly enlarged and unresponsive to light, indicating a lack of brain function due to oxygen deprivation.

Assess Circulatory Status

Poor peripheral circulation is also a telling sign. The skin may appear pale or bluish, especially in the extremities, due to the lack of blood flow. Combined with the other symptoms, this can help confirm the presence of cardiac arrest.

By carefully observing these vital signs and symptoms, you can quickly and effectively identify cardiac arrest and take immediate action to improve the person's chances of survival.